Research Library
79 peer-reviewed papers, reviews, and expert opinions on peat in medicine and cosmetics.
Evidence grades: A = systematic review/meta-analysis, B = controlled study, C = observational/review
2026
Turba väärindamine meditsiini, taastusravi ja kosmeetikatööstuse toormena (Valorization of peat as raw material for medicine, rehabilitation, and cosmetics industry)
Hinn, Helena
cohort
Grade C Rae Gümnaasium (supervised by Anneli Kontson and Mall Orru, Tallinn University of Technology)
2026
Лечебные грязи: особенности морфогенеза и современные технологии применения в клинической практике (Peloids: morphogenetic characteristics and modern application technologies in clinical practice)
Kulikov, A.G.
review
Grade B Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation
2026
Integrated safety and microbiota profiling of fulvic acid formulations across in vitro and in vivo models
Szwed-Georgiou, A., Płociński, P., Włodarczyk, M. et al.
in-vitro
Grade B Scientific Reports
2025
Relevance of balneotherapy for back pain — a systematic literature review covering the past 5 years
Crevenna, Richard, Scheifinger, M.
review
Grade B Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift
2025
Biomedical Applications of Humic Substances: From Natural Biopolymers to Therapeutic Agents
Gvozdeva, Y., Peneva, P., Katsarov, P.
review
Grade B Antioxidants
2025
Relevance of balneotherapy for osteoarthritis — a systematic literature review covering the past 5 years
Keilani, Mohammad, Scheifinger, Julian, Crevenna, Richard
review
Grade A Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift
2025
Development of a microalgal peloid for thermotherapeutic uses
Mourelle, M. Lourdes, Gómez, Carmen P., Martín de la Cruz, M.C. et al.
cohort
Grade B International Journal of Biometeorology
2025
Neuroimmunomodulation induced by mud-bath therapy: clinical benefits and bioregulation of the innate immune response
Ortega-Collazos, Eduardo, Otero, Eduardo, Torres-Piles, Silvia et al.
cohort
Grade B International Journal of Biometeorology
2025
Microvascular Responses in the Dermis and Muscles After Balneotherapy: Results from a Prospective Pilot Histological Study
Surdu, Traian Virgiliu
cohort
Grade B Water
2024
Potential Possibilities of Using Peat, Humic Substances, and Sulfurous Waters in Cosmetology
Błońska-Sikora, Ewelina, Klimek-Szczykutowicz, M.
review
Grade B Applied Sciences
2024
Advances in modern Balneology: new evidence-based indications from recent studies
Fioravanti, Antonella, Antonelli, M.
review
Grade B International Journal of Biometeorology
2024
Sphagnum cuspidatulum extract prevents acute kidney injury induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin via alleviation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in pre-diabetic rats
Laorodphun, Pongrapee, Chaisen, Sutheera, Amattat, Sarocha et al.
in-vitro
Grade B Frontiers in Pharmacology
2024
Peloids in Skin Care and Cosmeceuticals
Mourelle, M., Gómez, C.P.
review
Grade B Cosmetics
2024
Balneotherapy (Mud-Bath Therapy) with a Peloid Enriched with Rosmarinic Acid Enhances Clinical Outcomes and Innate Immune Benefits in Elderly Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Ortega-Collazos, Eduardo, Hinchado, María Dolores, Otero, Eduardo et al.
cohort
Grade B Applied Sciences
2024
Balneotherapy using thermal mineral water baths and dermatological diseases: a systematic review
Protano, C., Vitali, M.
review
Grade A International Journal of Biometeorology
2023
In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of a Dual-Targeted Nanoemulsion Gel for the Amelioration of Psoriasis
Khan, R., Mirza, M.A., Aqil, M. et al.
in-vitro
Grade C Gels
2023
Ресурсосберегающие методики пелоидотерапии в реабилитации пациентов после микродискэктомии (Resource-saving peloidotherapy techniques in rehabilitation of patients after microdiscectomy)
Kulikov, A.G., Gaidukova, T.Yu., Lvova, N.V.
rct
Grade B Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation
2023
Fulvic Acid Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis by Downregulating CCL17/22
Wu, C., Lyu, A., Shan, S.
in-vitro
Grade C Molecules
2022
Biological Activity of Fulvic Acid: Prospects of Application in Medicine
Benderskiy, N.S., Safronenko, A.V., Kudelina, O.M. et al.
review
Grade C Journal Biomed (Биомедицина)
2022
Efficacy of hydrotherapy, spa therapy, and balneotherapy for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: a systematic review
Jazani, Arezoo Moini, Ayati, Mohammad Hossein
review
Grade A International Journal of Dermatology
2022
Comparison of the efficacy of mud-pack and hot-pack treatments in chronic non-specific neck pain
Karaarslan, F., Yılmaz, H., Akkurt, H.E. et al.
rct
Grade B Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
2022
Evaluation of Healing Effects of Poultice Containing 0.5% Fulvic Acid on Male White-Male Rats with Skin Ulcer
Samiee-Rad, F., Hosseini Sedighi, S.F., Taherkhani, A. et al.
in-vitro
Grade C Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery
2022
Bioprospecting for Microorganisms in Peloids — Extreme Environment Known for Its Healing Properties
Vadlja, Denis, Bujak, Maro, Čož-Rakovac, Rozelindra et al.
review
Grade C Frontiers in Marine Science
2022
Anti-inflammatory activity and potential dermatological applications of characterized humic acids from a lignite and a green compost
Verrillo, M., Parisi, M., Savy, D. et al.
in-vitro
Grade C Scientific Reports
2021
Clinical efficacy of medical hydrology: an umbrella review
Antonelli, M., Donelli, D.
meta-analysis
Grade A International Journal of Biometeorology
2021
From in vitro research to real life studies: an extensive narrative review of the effects of balneotherapy on human immune response
Maccarone, M., Magro, G.
review
Grade B Sport Sciences for Health
2021
Peloids as Thermotherapeutic Agents
Maraver, F., Armijo, F.
review
Grade B International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2021
Efficacy of Balneotherapy and Mud Therapy in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review
Raza, H.M.A., Krutulyte, G., Rimdeikiene, I. et al.
review
Grade B Aktuelle Rheumatologie
2020
A comprehensive analysis to understand the mechanism of action of balneotherapy: why, how, and where they can be used? Evidence from in vitro studies performed on human and animal samples
Cheleschi, S., Gallo, I.
review
Grade B International Journal of Biometeorology
2020
Mosses in biotechnology
Decker, E.L., Reski, R.
review
Grade C Current Opinion in Biotechnology
2020
Central European ethnomedical and officinal uses of peat
Drobnik, J., Stebel, A.
review
Grade C
2020
Peloid therapy for dermatological conditions
Gams, A.
review
Grade B
2020
Peat Therapeutics and Balneotherapy
Groven, Mark, Pizzorno, Joseph
review
Grade B
2020
Overview of Systematic Reviews with Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials of Balneotherapy and Spa Therapy from 2000 to 2019
Kamioka, H., Nobuoka, S.
meta-analysis
Grade A International Journal of General Medicine
2020
Application of topical peloid-derived humic acid suppresses allergic contact dermatitis
Zhernov, Y.V.
in-vitro
Grade C World Allergy Organization Journal
2019
The effect of balneotherapy and peloid therapy on changes in the functional state of patients with knee joint osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled, single-blind pilot study
Varzaityte, L., Kubilius, R.
rct
Grade A International Journal of Biometeorology
2018
Balneotherapy, Immune System, and Stress Response: A Hormetic Strategy?
Gálvez, I., Torres-Piles, S.
review
Grade B International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2018
Therapeutic potential of fulvic acid in chronic inflammatory diseases and diabetes
Winkler, J., Ghosh, S.
review
Grade B Journal of Diabetes Research
2015
Method for extraction of peat active substances and use of their combination in skin regenerating cosmetic formulations
Silamikele, B., Ramata-Stunda, A., Muiznieks, I.
other
Grade C European Patent Application EP 2 878 342 A1
2015
Microbiological characterization and sterilization-induced changes in the profile of the hydrophobic organic substances in Latvian balneological peat
Ramata-Stunda, A., Petriņa, Z.
cohort
Grade B International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
2015
The anti-inflammatory properties of humic substances: A mini review
van Rensburg, Constance E.J.
review
Grade A University of Pretoria repository (review article)
2014
Fulvic acid as mineral transporter in biological systems
Pant, K.
review
Grade C
2013
Peloidtherapie: Ein Überblick zur Empirie und Evidenz am Beispiel der Heiltorftherapie
Beer, A.-M., Fetaj, S., Lange, U.
review
Grade B Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie
2013
Evidence-based hydro- and balneotherapy in Hungary — a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bender, T., Bálint, G.
meta-analysis
Grade A International Journal of Biometeorology
2013
Peloids and pelotherapy: Historical evolution, classification and glossary
Gomes, C., Carretero, M.I.
review
Grade B Applied Clay Science
2013
The effect of Neydharting mud-pack therapy on knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled, double-blind follow-up pilot study
Tefner, Ildikó Katalin, Gaál, Ramóna, Koroknai, András et al.
rct
Grade A Rheumatology International
2013
Ülevaade raviturbast ja turbaravist (Review of therapeutic peat and peat therapy)
Übner, Monika
review
Grade C University of Tartu, Pärnu College — Health Resort Laboratory
2012
Use of Peat as an Organic Raw Material
Bambalov, N.N.
review
Grade C Solid Fuel Chemistry
2012
Peat for Hair Treatment
Bovcon, Maria Laura, Cisterna, Miguel
case-study
Grade D
2011
Chemical properties of peat in three peatlands with balneological potential in Estonia
Orru, Mall, Übner, Monika, Orru, Hans
in-vitro
Grade C Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences
2010
Physical and chemical properties of Estonian balneological peat
Orru, Mall
cohort
Grade B 8th International Symposium 'Topical Problems in the Field of Electrical and Power Engineering', Pärnu, Estonia
2009
Chemical properties of peat used in balneology
Szajdak, L., Hado, E.
review
Grade B
2009
Peat: A Natural Source for Dermatocosmetics and Dermatotherapeutics
Uwe Wollina
review
Grade B Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery
2008
Research Quality Guidelines and Use of Balneological Peat
Korhonen, R.
cohort
Grade C Proceedings of the 13th International Peat Congress
2007
The efficacy of balneotherapy and mud-pack therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Evcik, D., Kavuncu, V., Yeter, A. et al.
rct
Grade B Joint Bone Spine
2007
Effectiveness of Peloid Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Karagülle, M., Karagülle, M.Z.
rct
Grade A Rheumatology International
2007
Eesti turba balneoloogiliste kasutamisvõimaluste uuring (III etapp) — Study of Balneological Uses of Estonian Peat (Stage III)
Orru, M., Orru, H., Tuulik, V.-R. et al.
cohort
Grade C Estonian Geological Survey (Eesti Geoloogiakeskus)
2007
Water-extractable humic substances alter root development and epidermal cell pattern in Arabidopsis
Schmidt, W., Santi, S., Pinton, R. et al.
in-vitro
Grade C Plant and Soil
2007
Inhibitory Effect of Fulvic Acid Extracted from Canadian Sphagnum Peat on Chemical Mediator Release by RBL-2H3 and KU812 Cells
Parida Yamada, Hiroko Isoda, Jun Kyu Han et al.
in-vitro
Grade B Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry
2006
HPLC determination of phenolic acids and antioxidant activity in concentrated peat extract — a natural immunomodulator
Tarnawski, M., Depta, K., Grejciun, D. et al.
in-vitro
Grade B Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
2005
Medical aspects and applications of humic substances
Klöcking, R., Helbig, B.
review
Grade B Biopolymers for Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications (Wiley-VCH)
2005
Clinical observations of peat bath therapy effects on psoriatic patients
Leibaschoff, G.
cohort
Grade C
2005
Balneotherapy in medicine: A review
Nasermoaddeli, Ali, Kagamimori, Sadanobu
review
Grade B Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
2005
Eesti turba balneoloogiliste kasutamisvõimaluste uuring (II etapp) — Study of Balneological Uses of Estonian Peat (Stage II)
Orru, M.
cohort
Grade C Estonian Geological Survey (Eesti Geoloogiakeskus)
2005
Zinc and skin health: overview of physiology and pharmacology
Schwartz, J.R.
review
Grade B Dermatologic Surgery
2004
Sulfur in dermatological therapy
Gupta, A.K.
review
Grade B
2004
Transdermal magnesium absorption from bath preparations
Waring, R.H.
cohort
Grade C
2003
Comparative Study of the Thermal Properties of Mud and Peat Solutions Applied in Clinical Practice
Beer, A., Grozeva, A.
cohort
Grade B
2003
Evaluation of the permeation of peat substances through human skin in vitro
Beer, André-M., Junginger, H.E., Lukanov, J. et al.
in-vitro
Grade A International Journal of Pharmaceutics
2003
Balneotherapy in dermatology
Matz, H., Orion, E.
review
Grade B Dermatologic Therapy
2000
The influence of fulvic and ulmic acids from peat on the spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscles
Beer, A.-M., Lukanov, J., Sagorchev, P.
in-vitro
Grade B Phytomedicine
2000
An in vitro investigation of the antimicrobial activity of oxifulvic acid
van Rensburg, C.E.J., van Straten, A., Dekker, J.
in-vitro
Grade C Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
1996
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids
Rice-Evans, C.A., Miller, N.J., Paganga, G.
review
Grade A Free Radical Biology and Medicine
1994
Humus Chemistry: Genesis, Composition, Reactions
Stevenson, F.J.
review
Grade A Wiley (book, 2nd edition)
1992
Humic substances and associated small molecules from peats in balneology
Flaig, W.
review
Grade B Science of The Total Environment
1991
Lindow man, Tollund man and other peat-bog bodies: the preservative and antimicrobial action of sphagnan, a reactive glycuronoglycan with tanning and sequestering properties
Painter, T.J.
review
Grade B Carbohydrate Polymers
1991
Antimicrobial properties of tannins
Scalbert, A.
review
Grade B Phytochemistry
1978
Studies on the antimicrobial effect of natural and synthetic humic acids
Ansorg, R., Rochus, W.
in-vitro
Grade B Arzneimittel-Forschung
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