Chelation
Chelation is the ability of humic and fulvic acids to form stable complexes with metal ions through their abundant carboxyl (–COOH) and phenolic hydroxyl (–OH) groups. This dual function — binding both beneficial and toxic metals — gives peat-derived substances both detoxification and mineral delivery capabilities.
Dual Role
Detoxification: Humic and fulvic acids bind toxic heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) reducing their bioavailability and potential for tissue damage. This is relevant both in environmental contexts and in topical applications where skin may be exposed to pollutants.
Mineral delivery: The same chelation mechanism makes beneficial minerals (iron, zinc, magnesium) more bioavailable by keeping them in solution as organic complexes rather than precipitating as insoluble salts. Fulvic acid-mineral complexes can penetrate skin more readily than free mineral salts.
Cosmetic Relevance
Chelation underlies two distinct cosmetic claims: (1) detoxifying/purifying effects in face masks and body wraps, where peat binds surface contaminants, and (2) mineral nourishment in balneotherapy, where mineral-humic complexes deliver trace elements through skin. The same mechanism serves both purposes depending on context.
How It Works
| Targets | Metal ions — Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ |
| Pathway | Carboxyl and phenolic groups form stable complexes with metal cations |